Calcium regulation refers to the mechanisms by which cells control the concentration of calcium ions within their cytoplasm. Calcium is a vital signaling molecule that plays a crucial role in numerous physiological processes, including muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and cell division. Cells regulate calcium levels through a variety of mechanisms, including calcium channels, pumps, and binding proteins. Calcium channels allow calcium ions to flow into and out of the cell, while pumps actively transport calcium across the cell membrane or sequester it within intracellular organelles. Calcium-binding proteins help to buffer and regulate the concentration of free calcium ions within the cell. Imbalances in calcium regulation can have serious consequences for cellular function and overall health. Dysregulation of calcium signaling has been implicated in a number of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, muscle disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of calcium regulation is crucial for developing treatments for these conditions and improving overall health and well-being.